Public Management and Administration Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public Management and Administration - Case Study Example Government by proxy has grown into a more diverse, pervasive, and an all-encompassing phenomenon that is here to stay. It is imperative that public administration scholars and policy makers offer proposals to reduce or eliminate the problems created by third party government and in turn improve government performance. Government needs partners to do its job. These partners present themselves in the form of for profit and non-profit organizations as well as state and local agencies. From the case study ‘should private contractors be guarding public buildings?’, it is stated that the Federal Protective security- FPS employs 1225 persons who are responsible for 2360 federal facilities. This shows a clear gap that gets filled by the government through proxy. By contacting out to fill the security gap required for public buildings, the FPS turns from a direct service provider to a generator of public value. It is vital that all federal building become well-guarded to protect national interests and property which gets funded by taxpayers’ money. If the government is unable to employ and train the required number of security guards required to man this buildings, contracting out seems a viable option. Government by proxy offers innovation and the ability of the contracted firms to tailor their services to meet customer demands. Contracted security firms get to train their guards on the requirements and challenges posed by the job contracted. These private security firms dedicate their time and capital into offering the ultimate service for their customer as they are in competition with other firms too. From the given case study, the author states of a meeting with private security guard who told him that he was trained on twenty one different weapons. This indicates the training level to which private firms engage their guards in preparing them to meet with the rising threats of insecurity

Conditions Under Which Decisions Are Made Essay Example for Free

Conditions Under Which Decisions Are Made Essay In that way you already have measures in place knowing that should you be in an accident you will have an alternative transport whilst your car is being fixed. Also when you buy a TV, you are usually given one year guarantee and you can get more years at an extra cost. In this instance you know that should the year be over and you had added two years more, and your TV has a problem maybe in the second year, you can take it back as it will still be under guarantee because you would have added more years to cover it. Risk This is when individuals can define a problem, specify the probability of certain events, identify alternative solutions, and state the probability of each solution leading to the desired result. Like in the case of construction, the construction cost overrun risk has a possibility that during the design and construction phase, the actual project costs will exceed projected costs as a result of weather, supplier’s shortage, labour and subcontractor performance. In this case the probability that this will happen will be dependent on past weather records, and experience of the contractor. A decision is made under risk when a supervisor or superior can list all possibilities of outcomes with the decision that has been made and state the probability of each outcome. There are two types of probabilities, there is an objective probability whereby the supervisor or manager assigns probability based on experience or similar situations and there is a subjective probability whereby the supervisor or manager has little experience with a the decision made or no data at all. This type of probability is based on personal experience or gut feel. For example, a manager decides to spend R2500. 00 on a shoe advertisement believing there are three possible outcomes for the advertisement, a 30% chance the advertisement will have only a small effect on sales, a 50% chance of a moderate effect, and a 20% chance of a very large effect. This decision is made under risk because the manager can list each potential outcome and determine the probability of each outcome occurring. Uncertainty This is when an individual does not have the necessary information to assign probabilities to the outcomes of alternative solutions. In cases of uncertainty the alternative solutions and problems are both unclear. Uncertainty exists when a decision maker cannot list all possible outcomes and/or cannot assign probabilities to the various outcomes. When faced with uncertainty, a manager would know only the different decision options available and the different possible states of nature. The states of nature are the future events or conditions that can influence the final outcome or payoff of a decision but cannot be controlled or affected by the manager. An example of a decision made under uncertainty would be, for a company in South Africa to open a branch say in Zambia producing products that have never been sold in that country. In this instance the is uncertainty as to whether the product will sell or not because they are not sure how the people of that country will receive hence a lot of money will be put in that project.

Gambling Essay -- essays papers

Gambling As time marches on into the twenty first century, gambling has become an increasing problem in the United Sates. The continuing problem has hurt the lives of many often leading to actions such as suicides. The problem with gambling today is it is not taken as a serious problem by the American world. According to Richard Wilhelm, it is thought of as â€Å" a recreational hobby that has little negative affects†(2). Little does much of the public know that gambling is a serious addiction that can completely take over your life. It is a problem that is continuing to increase yet people have no idea the permanent damage it can cause on a person’s life. Our job is to inform people of the dangers of gambling and create a solid awareness so that this problem can be dealt with in a proper way. Unfortunately not every one feels as if we must spread the word about the dangers of gambling. Local governments are firm believers in leaving the system the way it is. It is estimated that the city of Las Vegas takes in well over a billion dollars each year throughout their casinos(1). They then use the money to build up a city that opens up both job opportunities and cheaper housing(1). Las Vegas brings up an interesting argument that benefits its city but they forgot to mention what it does to the people that live in their city. You can have the most beautiful city in the world but if people in your city are losing their life savings and killing themselves, a discussion must take place. To often with gambling, big time governments think only of the money that is coming but not how it is coming in. This is exactly what happens with gambling. Money is brought in at will in areas that contain a number of casinos. However, the money that is brought in is not honest money or hard earned money. â€Å"Governments live off the ten percent of the American population that are compulsive gamblers(2).† It is estimated that nearly one in every ten individuals today are compulsive gamblers. One thing people don’t realize is how serious compulsive gambling is. I personally am one who suffered through a great deal of distress to my addiction to gambling. People think compulsive gamblers are weird and messed up low life’s who have nothing better to due with their time. The average person thinks that there is no way he or she would ever be stupid enough to get to the point whe... ...ation is a vital part of our world and without it, we cannot know from right or wrong. If someone doesn’t tell you anything at all, you would never know the possible dangers that lurk. Before people knew about the dangers of smoking, nearly fifty percent and up of the population smoked. Now DARE programs have been set up to teach kids that this is wrong. All over the news, we here stories of alcohol related incidents as well as people over dosing on drugs. However, how often is it we here about that guy who dropped his life earnings in a night and Vegas and shot himself to death? Unfortunately we don’t. Therefore we are not able to protect our children and ourselves against what quite possibly be the fast growing disease out there. Information is the gateway to which we base our decisions on everyday, however without it we seize to know. NBC runs fifteen second clips about how knowledge is power. We need to get into the faces of the media and protest the governmentà ¢â‚¬â„¢s stance on this issue so as our children grow they will realize the dangers of gambling and not just alcohol and drugs. We have the knowledge; all we have to do is proclaim it so that the world can know how this works.

Media Violence Essay

With each final draft submitted, a Student/Teacher Memo must be included. This memo will take the place of a cover page. This memo asks you to answer the following questions: 1. What was your purpose? What effect were you trying to achieve? There are a total of three minor purposes in this paper: first, to define media violence; second, to write why media violence should be extinguished from the society; third and final, to write how media violence could be extinguished from the society. The overall purpose, on the other hand, is to encourage the extinguishing of media violence by laying out its negative effects, particularly to the youth society. 2. What was interesting about the process you went through in writing this paper, and what did you learn from it? The interesting thing about the process when I wrote the paper was the portion when I was asking myself why, indeed, has youth violence continued to prevail, even if there had been laws and regulations in relation to controlling this event. I realized that the law had not really sunk into the lives of the citizens. 3. What was the most difficult about this paper, and what did you learn from the attempt? The most difficult portion was trying to explain, in detail, how media violence affects the behavior of a child or a youth. From that attempt, I learned that, in an argumentative paper, there is nothing better than having many references around. 4. What do you see as the strengths of the paper, and what would you try to do if you were to revise it some more? I think that the strengths of the paper have something to do with the exhaustive description of each stage†¦ each picture that can be brought to light. If I would revise it some more, though, I would add extra pages on more exact proposals, and more on the negative consequences of the proposals. 5. What’s not a part of your paper that you think might help a reader understand or appreciate it more? What didn’t you put in? Are there certain events or feelings or memories that led you to write on this topic or to take this approach? I think it would be better if there are portions on the laws and regulations that were approved or amended by the constitution in connection to media violence. It would also be good to insert a true-to-life case where media violence appeared to be the major cause of crime in a youth’s life episode. 6. What feedback or reactions did you get at various times in this paper, and how much did you make use of them, if at all? Any other kinds of help-from classmates? teachers? others? My recent feedbacks or reactions were fine. I used them to increase information that is more detailed and descriptive. Yes, there is always help from teachers and friends. 7. What kind of feedback or response would you like from your reader? I would definitely want a feedback that is positive and inspiring. Name Professor Course 6 June 2008 Proposal Argument: Media Violence Should Be Extinguished from the Youth Society David Buckingham wrote that â€Å"[R]epresentation begins at a very young age† (16). The television, for example, displays an array of shapes, colors, and sounds. For those who are below the age of two, the television may appear to be a ‘magic window’ where tiny creatures live and exist. By the time they reach two years old, they seem to understand that the television is a medium that displays things and events. Then by the time they reach kinder, they get to have the ability of perceiving the relationship between pictures in the media and those that are in real life. As they enter elementary, they get to see that there are different types of shows, such as cartoons or entertainment shows; they start to explore the relationship between reality and fiction. By middle childhood, they get to have the ability to get motivated or inspired by pictures represented in the media. By early adolescence, they begin to develop social understanding on what they perceive, relating it to real-life incidents, and creating a tendency to relate things in life with what they see or hear in the media. This paper talks of the negative effects of media violence to the youth society. In the end, it will be evident what media violence is, and how and why media violence should be extinguished from the youth society. In connection to media, intense guidance is greatly needed when and before a child reaches the adolescence period. Media has its greatest power over the youth during this vulnerable state of early adolescence, for it is the time when they perceive images according to their belief and understanding, labeling them as positive or negative, based on their perception of what it is†¦ then they act out what they see in it.

Tkam Reflection

Gem an d Scout have a life head of them that Tactics can look forward too. With this, Attic's good sense e of morality partially comes from the fact that he has to teach his children the right lesson. If the book went on for another twenty years, I believe that Gem and Scout would have a better life with a better sense of morality that Male would. Also, Bob's bad sense of morality affect De the characters around him and even caused the life of a human. Since, Bob has a poor sense of morality, he does not feel bad blaming his beating of Male on Tom Robinson.Tom was obviously innocent and died trying to escape jail which Bob put him in. In a way, Bob is r expansible for Tom's death. Did not realism how the morality of someone could be affected and how morality makes a difference on a person before reading To Kill a Mockingbird. Throughout this essay, I had a lot of positives and negatives. I would say had more negatives than positives but eventually worked them out. The easiest part of the essay for me was writing the parts the parts not about the quotes and research.For exam el saying, â€Å"Bob Lowell lives a very poor life with nothing to look forward to. † was a lot easier that n explaining a quote. This is because quotes and evidence were extremely hard to come by when writing this paper. Most of the entrees by scholars I looked through did not explain how morality affected the characters, yet they explained that â€Å"Bob's sense of morality was not right†. Ho waver, would eventually find a good article such as Laurie Champion's that explained morale TTY in the book in depth. I also wrote two essays.The first one finished well before the due data but realized I was talking about the wrong information. Deleted most of it and started over. The sees were some challenges and some positives of writing this essay. Learned some interesting facts about myself as a writer when wrote this sees ay. One of the biggest one was the fact that I talk about my opinions and what I have to s ay too much. When started to write this essay, actually wrote the whole thing without maybe on e or quotes. I believed the essay was perfect but I knew I had to add quotes.I learned that I could write a lot eased on what I read throughout doing my research. Also learned that if I pr ovoid myself with an outline, can write the essay a lot smoother. When I started writing the sees ay, I had no idea what points I was going to bring up when talking about the specific topic. I ma De myself an outline and was able to write the essay a lot smoother. If I could go back and fix anything about my essay I would probably add more quotes and evidence. I did not use that many quotes compared to my friends and if I had time would find more information.

Role of The Manager

Role of The Manager A manager's role is to lead his/her organization to a clearly stated objective ( Mission Statement ). In doing so he/she must channel all his resources in a precise and organized way to work toward those goalsThe meaning of the word 'Manager' or 'Management'A Manager is a person with administrative power or controli.e.: manager of an actor or Manager of an international football team.A Manager is a person who gets people to do what is wanted, when it'swanted, the way it's wanted because THEY want to do it ( Evans ). This basically indicates the skill of getting people 'willingly' do designated work/tasks.A Manager is the supervisor of people/employees.A Manager is a person whose job it is to identify restrictions on their output and remove them in order to get the task in hand done more efficiently.Ensures that work standards are applied e.g.:Global Project Manager travleinga Production Line.A Manager is an individual that has any role in an organisation whereThe occupant is authoris ed to get part of his/her work done through subordinates for whose work he/she remains wholly responsible for ( Evans )A Manger is a person who manages a business or organisationor institution.Management is the process of getting things done efficiently and effectively, through and with other people. Efficiently is doing the given tasks right and to the correct and expected standards - inputs and outputs. Effectively means doing the correct tasks and achieving the desired results/goals.Management is the act, manner or the practice of managing and controlling something i.e.: business, budgets, and people.Management is the process of achieving objectives within a changing environment by having the correct balance of efficiency and effectiveness. It is also being able to obtain the most from available...

As Nature Made Him the Boy Who Was Raised As a Girl

As Nature Made Him the Boy Who Was Raised As a Girl Introduction Written by Colapinto, As Nature Made Him: the Boy Who Was Raised as a Girl, scores high in sexuality matters. It talks of one David Reimer, whom after a bungled circumcision and eventual emasculation, lived as a girl; Brenda, until age fifteen. Tackling different issues on sexuality, this book offers the reader the opportunity to think critically, evaluate sexual information contained in it, and postulate future research areas.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on As Nature Made Him: the Boy Who Was Raised As a Girl specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Colapinto arouses many questions concerning the popular thought that circumcision makes someone better. Being a journalist, Colapinto highlights sexuality issues from an objective point of view, something that a sexologist would not do. He gives facts about Brenda’s case without bias, something a clinician or a sexologist would find hard to accomplish. He p rovides useful analysis of this aspect of personality by making convincing arguments. Synopsis In 1965, Janet Reimer, wife to Ron Reimer gave birth to twin boys, Bruce and his brother. After eight month, these couple took their babies for mundane circumcision. Unfortunately, Bruce lost his penis to an electric burning machine. This tragedy left Bruce critically damaged such that his parents did not know what to do. Fortunately, one night as they were watching television in 1967, the Reimers saw Dr. Money explaining how successful he had carried out sexual surgery in the past. Dr. Money indicated that he had helped people change their sexuality and their response was compelling. Given the fact that Bruce had lost his penis, Ron observed that it would be better for him to face life as a girl than face manhood as a man minus penis. Therefore, the Reimers contacted Dr. Money for an operation. However, this operation brought more problems than solutions to baby Bruce and the family as th ey were caught in culture wars that prevailed in the 1980s. Brenda grew up a shy and reluctant girl. She never associated with any girlish play things like dolls; no, she found her comfort and joy in trucks, which she shared with her brother. In spite of these growing masculine behaviors, Dr. Money insisted that the Reimers should continue treating Brenda as a girl. Unfortunately, Dr. Money turned out to be a pervert. He would ask Brenda and his brother to play sex; at one point, he asked the Reimers to have sex in front of the children though they refused. Unwittingly, the Reimers continued following Dr. Money’s suggestions; however, the worst was still to come.Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Emotional and behavioral issues began to arise; Brenda could not go to school with ease; Ron became alcoholic while Janet developed depression problems. Fortunately, at the a ge of thirteen, Brenda started seeing another therapist who convinced the Reimers to explain to Brenda what had really happened. In March 1980, the Reimers explained to Brenda her misfortunes and renamed him David. Analysis As aforementioned, the author of this book provides useful analysis of this aspect of personality. For instance, as the book opens, the author makes it clear that, â€Å"no dialogue or scenes have been invented for the purposes of `narrative flow, atmosphere, or any other quasi-novelistic purpose (Colapinto, 2000, p. ix). This proves the credibility of the analysis given. Most of the information contained in the book came from different psychologists who interacted with Brenda during her childhood and adolescence. Brenda’s family played key role in writing of this book for they offered primary information about Brenda’s case. Therefore, from these grounds, the book is authentic. Colapinto offers useful analysis by using credible sources to write th is book. Bearing in mind that he is not a clinician but a journalist, he involves clinicians to authenticate his claims. For instance, he analyses John Money’s views on pedigrees of sexual individuality development, which differs with the views of Milton Diamond. Colapinto notes that these differences have been a point of contention amongst psychologists and clinicians. By offering this factual analysis concerning this aspect of personality, the author provides the reader with in-depth analysis concerning the same. As aforementioned, this book presents important information about critical thinking and provides rich grounds for exploring the relationship between clinical practice, research, and theory. According to Kaplan (2009), â€Å"the book illuminates the fact that the sociopolitical zeitgeist exerts a tremendous influence not only on how research questions are answered and how those answers translate into policy and practice, but on the very questions that are asked.â⠂¬  Continuing with the analytical element of this book, there emerges critical information about sexuality. For instance, the author points out that Dr. Money vulgarized his â€Å"neutrality-at-birth† hypothesis. According to John Hopkins’ studies, Colapinto notes that, Dr. Money overlooked important issues in concluding that sexuality is acquired, not innate. More sexuality issues arise because of Dr. Money’s beliefs as presented in the book.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on As Nature Made Him: the Boy Who Was Raised As a Girl specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the greatest questions that readers get answer from this book is the question of nature vs. nurture in sexuality matters. Dr. Money popularized the notion that at birth, children are sexually neutral and they could be nurtured to be of any sex. This was contained in Dr. Money’s theory of neutrality-at-birth. This explains w hy the Reimers were quick in trusting this self-proclaimed ‘sex missionary’ with Brenda’s problem. Moreover, this book is strongly analytical given the nature of its elaborate analysis of empirical studies on sexuality, especially Diamond’s studies. Colapinto utilizes â€Å"Concepts such as experimental controls and analogue designs providing students with an excellent framework for understanding the underlying logic of the famous twin study, one method used by researchers to tease out the relative contributions of nature and nurture† (Kaplan, 2009). Hence, this book stands out as a pedagogical tool in different areas of sexuality studies. Concerning the issue of ethics, this book arouses the question of just how and to what extent, should professionals like Dr. Money be involved in growth of inter-sex children. As the book ends, Colapinto talks of Intersex Society of North America, giving its objectives and its future role in society. This informat ion is critical concerning this aspect of sexuality. This book â€Å"provides a wealth of material related to research ethics in a broad sense, including how, when, and where research findings are published in scholarly journals and the manner in which these findings are disseminated to the general public† (Kaplan, 2009). Moreover, readers get to understand that science or research does not take place in vacuity; however, for a publication to be made there has to be a process of reviewing and ascertaining the subject under study. The authors argument is convincing looked at, from two different perspectives. First, the authenticity of the argument evidenced by the extensive consultations of primary sources makes Colapinto’s argument convincing. Secondly, given Colapinto’s nature as a journalist, he makes compelling arguments with well-constructed sentences that bring flow in the story making it enjoyable to read. He describes characters figuratively, something th at makes the reader draw a mental picture of what is happening. For instance, he describes Dr. Money and Diamond as, â€Å"suavely charismatic individual with the long, elegantly cut features of a matinee idol†¦.Diamond is a very objective, reasonable, almost mild-mannered scientist†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Colapinto, 2000, p. 18).Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is very convincing and it makes Kaplan (2009), to note that, â€Å"it is in Colapintos exploration of Moneys and Diamonds respective characters that As Nature Made Him reads more like a juicy novel than an objective report. John Money†¦a truly chilling figure; unabashed hubris, is matched only by his Machiavellian need for power, control, and recognition.† This journalistic nature of the story makes it convincing and compelling. Nevertheless, few areas can be addressed in future research. For instance, there is need to explore a balanced and accurate understanding of sex research on ethical concerns raised by this book. Conclusion Colapinto explored different issues on sexuality in his book; As Nature Made Him; the Boy Who Lived as a Girl. Bruce suffered a sexual tragedy in the process of circumcision after which he lived as a girl for fifteen years. Dr. Money’s theories coupled with the Reimers gullibility kept Bruce as a baby girl named Brenda for fifteen y ears before telling him the truth. The author provides useful analysis about sexuality by using credible sources and referring to research to expound sexual issues presented in Bruce’s case. Given the fact that, the author is a journalist, he uses compelling language to convince the reader about his arguments. The ethical issues raised by the author of this book offer rich grounds for future research. References List Colapinto, J. (2000). As Nature Made Him: The Boy Who Was Raised As a Girl. New York: HarperCollins. Kaplan, B. (2009). As Nature Made Him: The Boy Who Was Raised As A Girl By John  Colapinto. Transgender Mental Health. Retrieved from https://tgmentalhealth.com/.

What US Census Takers Do

What US Census Takers Do Americans who, for whatever reason, do not complete and return a Census Bureau questionnaire can expect a personal visit from a census taker or enumerator.What do the enumerators census takers have to do? According to Census Bureau Director Kenneth W. Prewitts April 5, 2000 testimony to the House Subcommittee on the Census, Each enumerator is given a binder of addresses in that area that includes all those addresses for which we have not received a completed questionnaire. Because houses without numbers and street name addresses can be difficult to find, enumerators in rural areas also receive maps that have the housing unit locations spotted on them. The enumerator must go to each address in the assignment area to complete the appropriate questionnaire (either short form or long form) for the housing unit and its occupants. Census Taker Key Takeaways Census Takers, or â€Å"Enumerators,† are employees of the U.S. Census Bureau who visit the homes of individuals who do not complete and return a census questionnaire. The Census Taker will interview any available adult member of the household in order to complete the census questionnaire.The Census Taker will make at least six attempts to visit the home, contact a resident, and complete the questionnaire.Like all Census Bureau employees, Census Takers are strictly prohibited by law from divulging any information gathered and may be fined and imprisoned for doing so. For each address, the enumerator must: Interview a household member at least 15 years of age and completes the assigned questionnaire. If the unit was occupied by a different household on Census Day, the enumerator completes a questionnaire for the occupants who lived there on Census Day by interviewing a knowledgeable person, such as a neighbor.If the current occupants were not enumerated elsewhere, the enumerator will also complete a census questionnaire for them for their Census Day address.If the housing unit was vacant on Census Day, the enumerator completes appropriate housing questions on the questionnaire by interviewing a knowledgeable person, such as a neighbor or apartment house manager.If the housing unit was demolished or otherwise nonexistent under census definitions, the enumerator completes a questionnaire that provides the reason why the unit should be deleted from the census address list, by interviewing a knowledgeable respondent such as a neighbor or apartment house manager. What if nobody's home? Will the census taker just go away? Yes, but he or she will most certainly be back. The enumerator must make up to six attempts to contact the resident and complete a questionnaire.If no one is home at an occupied housing unit, the enumerator obtains as much information as possible about how to contact the occupants from a neighbor, building manager, or another source.The enumerator also leaves a notice at the address that they have visited and provides a telephone number so the occupant can call back.The enumerator then makes up to two additional personal visits (3 in all) and three telephone attempts at contacting the household before obtaining as much information as possible to complete the questionnaire from a knowledgeable source. Enumerators are instructed to make their callbacks on different days of the week and at different times of day.The enumerator must maintain a record of callbacks that lists each type of callback made (telephone or personal visit) and the exact date and time it occurred. Enumerators are expected to obtain complete interviews but must o btain at least the status (occupied or vacant) and the number of people living in the unit. If the enumerator submits a questionnaire that contains this minimal level of data, the crew leader must check the enumerators record of callbacks for the housing unit to determine that procedures were properly followed. The crew leader also holds these cases for possible further follow-up to obtain more complete data. Crew leaders meet daily with each enumerator to pick up and check completed work.Crew leaders are expected to make sure that the enumerators produce quality work at a rate of 1 to 1.5 completed questionnaires per hour depending on the type of area covered. Crew leaders check each completed questionnaire for completeness and accuracy.In order to prevent falsification of the data by enumerators, a percentage of each enumerators work is verified for accuracy by a re-interview staff. This staff verifies a sample of each enumerators work and may also verify additional questionnaires from enumerators whose work differs significantly from that of other enumerators working for the same crew leader. An enumerator who is discovered falsifying data is dismissed immediately and all the work must be redone by another enumerator. And so it goes until a completed census questionnaire has been completed and turned into the local census office for every housing unit address in America.Like all other employees of the Census Bureau, enumerators are subject by law to severe penalties including imprisonment for divulging information outside of the required scope of their job. And remember, answering all census  questionnaires is required by law.   Census Taker Jobs for the 2020 Census With the 2020 Census fast approaching, the U.S. Census Bureau is now recruiting, hiring, and training thousands of people nationwide for temporary jobs.To be eligible for all 2020 Census job, you must:Be at least 18 years old.Have a valid Social Security number.Be a U.S. citizen.Have a valid email address.Complete an application and answer assessment questions. (Some assessment questions are available in Spanish. However, an English proficiency test may also be required.)Be registered as required by law with the Selective Service System or have a qualifying exemption, if you are a male born after Dec. 31, 1959.Pass a Census-performed criminal background check and a review of criminal records, including fingerprinting.Commit to completing training.Be available to work flexible hours, which can include days, evenings, and/or weekends.For most jobs- especially Census Taker- applicants must:Have a valid driver’s license and access to a vehicle, unless public transportation is read ily available; andHave access to a computer with internet and an email account (to complete training).Persons interested in part or full-time census jobs may apply online at the Census Bureau’s very secure Census Careers Site. The application process takes about 30 minutes. You will need to provide your Social Security number, home address, email address, phone number, and your date and place of birth.

War as a Strategic Tool of Policy - To what extent did the outcome of Essay - 1

War as a Strategic Tool of Policy - To what extent did the outcome of the 1973 Arab-Israeli war serve the political objectives o - Essay Example The main reason behind this is the fact that politicians opt not to be too specific as they worry that if there is failure for the objectives to be attained, foreign leaders and local opponents will regard the entire exercise as a failure. Due to this, rather than being defined as measurable objectives, foreign policy objectives are defined in terms of goals or aims. Unclear and ambiguous political strategic objectives are of little or no use to operational planners.3 In terms of expression, political strategic objectives can be articulated in broad or narrow terms. Broadly articulated political objectives are most of the time applied in situations that do not involve vital national interests. Through this, it becomes easier for the political leadership to admit to a compromise without losing international reputation or domestic support. Narrowly articulated political strategic objectives on the other hand need to be comprehensively accomplished, or then the political and additional costs for the political leadership might be exorbitant. Vego asserts that â€Å"yet, in a situation where vital national interests are at stake, there is usually no choice but to fight to the finish†.4 During the 1973 Arab-Israeli war, Syria, Egypt, Israel, Palestine, Saudi Arabia and the United States, who were the principal participants in the war, had various individual political objectives. The objective of Syria and Egypt were to recover their occupied territories, which were the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights region respectively. Although it did not initiate the war, Israel had the objective of preserving its national security, which was made possible by occupying the Golan Heights and Sinai Peninsula. Maintaining control of the Tiran Straits located at the Sinai region was also crucial for Israel’s economic dominance. Palestine wanted to regain its territories from the Israel Jewish majority, who had for a long time prospered, as the Palestinian minority continued to suffer, with some of them living as refugees. Saudi Arabia had the objective of defending the union of the coalition among Cairo, Damascus and Riyadh; it therefore used the oil embargo as its political instrument during the 1973 Arab-Israeli war. Through this, Saudi Arabia could pressure Israel and the west to reach a fair agreement regarding the Palestinian issue. It could also be able to restrain the United States military support to Israel, as well as balance Israel’s military dominance. The United States was also involved in this war as it came in as an assistant to Israel. Its main political objectives were to; bring about a general extinction of the Soviet Union as a superpower in the Middle East and take its position; gain a political settlement with the ability to bring about a transformation in the Arab-Israeli conflict, which would change the conflict to a small territorial one and remove it from its ideological

Critical appraisal of a public health research article Assignment

Critical appraisal of a public health research article - Assignment Example 4). The lifestyle changes involve physical activity, balanced diets and loss of weight or the commonly called obesity. The research concluded that with 12 months follow ups the proposed lifestyle changes had significant positive effects towards control and prevention of type 2 diabetes. The research used the intervention design that was appropriate and served the purpose of addressing the aims of the research (Linda, et al, 2013, p.10). The research brought together a group of people that were assessed individually on the risk of type 2 diabetes. The New Leadership New York that is a competent group in the UK did the assessment. The selected population was required to be assessment weekly while those at high risks were assessment twice every week. The diet, weight and waist size of the population was recorded on each assessment. The NLNY involved the selected population with a half an hour practice session that was followed by a group reflection of the same period. The practice session involved a gym activities and cookery sessions and was very relevant since the research aimed at the two activities in relation to type 2 diabetes (Mokdad and Bowman, 2001, p.1196). The design was viewed as a ‘do and reflect’ model since the trainers demonstrated the act ivities and gave chance to the selected population to rehearse the activities (National Diabetes Data Group, 2013, p.1041). The design was flexible since it gave chance to the selected population to choose the physical activities of their choice The selected population went through a lot of education and on completion of the training, they were also allowed to access gyms for free. After the training, follow up plans by the NLNY were made through texts and emails to remind the trained individuals on the maintenance of lifestyle changes . Interviews were conducted after six months to evaluate on the level of success in terms of fighting diabetes to the trained

Comparable Destinations, Different Paths Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Comparable Destinations, Different Paths - Essay Example The letters also explain why nobody else has been to Utopia. The reason is so ridiculous that it lends believability to the statement--someone had coughed and the exact longitude and latitude had not been heard, but Raphael was being sought to disclose the information. The first book tells of the traveler Raphael Hythlodaeus, to whom More is introduced in Antwerp and also explores the subject of how best to counsel a prince, a popular topic at the time. Plato doubtless did well foresee, unless kings themselves would apply their minds to the study of philosophy, that else they would never thoroughly allow the council of philosophers, being themselves before, even from their tender age, infected and corrupt with perverse and evil opinions (More 8). More tries to persuade Raphael that into the lucrative service of royalty, acting as an advisor to kings or lords. Raphael, however, seems to be saying that his views would not be listened to because such men are too corrupt to understand so pure a study as philosophy. Raphael speaks of Plato, of whom he seems to emulate the thoughts and ideals. The above statement screams of Platonic thought, suggesting that kings must be philosophers as well in order to rule fairly and wisely. More seems to consider it a philosopher's duty to ... While Raphael has chosen to embrace the idea of starting again, the character More desires to fix things as they are. "The difference is only a matter of one syllable," Raphael says as a way to illustrate the short distance from service to servitude (More 7). One syllable indeed. This simple sentence may offer a clue that can answer a question of much debate in regards to More's Utopia. The question is, as a reader, can one accept this imaginary society as a realistic blueprint for a working nation On the other hand, should one assume that More had no intention of his book being taken seriously One could arguably maintain either position. More's Utopia most definitely works if viewed as a satire. By taking into account More's use of these puns, one can deduce that his intention in writing Utopia is to reveal more about the current state of politics in 16th England than it is to offer a model for an ideal society. Support for such an argument can be easily supported by simply looking at the title of the book. The word "Utopia" has two roots. However, depending on which root is chosen, the meaning of the word changes drastically. "Utopia" is a combination of the syllable eu, which can be translated as "good," and the word topos, which means "place." At the same time, if one assumes that the ou prefix is used, which has a negating tone and translates into "no," then suddenly More's "good place" becomes "no place." The difference is only a matter of one syllable. More's hints at absurdity extend beyond simply the use of pun in the title/name of the island, being found in even his description of the island of Utopia. According to the

Edgar Degas' Biography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Edgar Degas' Biography - Essay Example According to the research "Edgar Degas' Biography" findings at the young age of twenty, he decided that art was the field for him and urged his father to let him try. Before entering the famous Ecole des Beaux-Arts, he took lessons from an unknown artist of his time Louis Lamothe, who himself had learned from Ingres. This association was more than enough for Degas who had nourished a lifelong fascination with Ingres’ work and admired the artist immensely. Luckily for him, he also managed to meet Ingres himself whom he considered a master in Arts. Ingres gave him a good piece of advice that Degas fondly recalled many years later. He told him to: "Draw lines, young man, and still more lines, both from the life and from memory." Degas never forgot this advice and kept it close to his hear throughout his career. In 1856 Degas went to Italy to reconnect with his Italian relatives and stayed for extended the time in both Rome and Florence. At that time, it was considered important for every serious student of art to visit Italy at least once. For Degas, there was more than one reason to see Italy since it is where his relatives lived and this is where art is present in all its historical glory. Once he returned to Paris, he made Paris his home for the rest of his life with an occasional trip here and there. Upon Degas’ return to Paris in 1960, the artist was still very young and had been deeply under the influence of the Old Masters. This classical training was the norm in his time and he drew many copies of the paintings by the Masters.

Addiction to Mobile technology (smartphones, tablets and portable Research Paper

Addiction to Mobile technology (smartphones, tablets and portable gaming devices) and the negative effects on the individual." - Research Paper Example In addition, the authors identify significant level of depression with at least four symptoms of problematic cellular phone use (CPU). About 48 percent of the study’s participants reported at least a problematic CPU and this, considered together with the percentage that reported severe depression, suggests that a significant percentage of adolescents who use cellular phones suffer from depression because of the usage. Elements of problematic CPU and functional impairments that cellular usage and addiction cause are also symptoms of depression and this identify the addiction as a factor to depression. Withdrawal symptoms in the absence of CPU usage, poor interpersonal relationships, poor academic performance, and poor physical and psychological activity are some of the symptoms of problematic CPU that relates to depression and identifies addictive cellular phone usage as a cause of depression. The number of reported problems associated with addictive cellular phone usage is als o positively correlated with level of depression and this means that low-level addiction that has lower number of problem identifies low-level depression. Gender, age, and residential area moderate the relationship (Yen et al., 2009). Mobile phone usage also influences people’s behavior into addictive phone use and this has effects on behavior in other scopes. According to a study by Deursen, Bolle, Hegner, and Kommers (2015), using smartphone develops into an addiction to operation of the phones. This means that an individual who has the phone and is using it is likely to evolve into habitual usage such consistency in making calls, sending messages, and using internet applications in the phone. Developed habit of phone usage, which can also define phone addiction, means little time for social interactions and other activities such as studies to define a person’s tight schedule and

THE IMPORTANCE OF NUTRITION FOR A HEALTHY LIFE STYLE Essay

THE IMPORTANCE OF NUTRITION FOR A HEALTHY LIFE STYLE - Essay Example Some cut back on the proteins, while others reduce the intake of carbohydrates in certain proportions. But according to the latest study published in The New England Journal of Medicine, the comparison of different diets shows that they are not only very difficult, their tastes buds are already immune to a pattern in which they cannot stay away from cheese burger, additives, pizza, candy or soda for very long, but also not successful in most cases (Parker, 2008). Thus failure of weight loss due to such diets leads people to believe that its it their fault they are overweight and hence has further negative effects on their lifestyle, for example loss of self confidence. The answer to such negative effects is not diets but instead a healthy lifestyle which may not make one very skinny but a person can enjoy a good healthy life. In opinion an additional advantage of having nutritional food over unhealthy food is that not only the consumption becomes less (since we won't eat packets and packets of Doritos), but also less expensive (organic food) and makes our lifestyle fit, our bodies stronger and lowers our health cost since we would be required to spend much time in the doctor's office or the hospital.

Addiction to Mobile technology (smartphones, tablets and portable Research Paper

Addiction to Mobile technology (smartphones, tablets and portable gaming devices) and the negative effects on the individual." - Research Paper Example In addition, the authors identify significant level of depression with at least four symptoms of problematic cellular phone use (CPU). About 48 percent of the study’s participants reported at least a problematic CPU and this, considered together with the percentage that reported severe depression, suggests that a significant percentage of adolescents who use cellular phones suffer from depression because of the usage. Elements of problematic CPU and functional impairments that cellular usage and addiction cause are also symptoms of depression and this identify the addiction as a factor to depression. Withdrawal symptoms in the absence of CPU usage, poor interpersonal relationships, poor academic performance, and poor physical and psychological activity are some of the symptoms of problematic CPU that relates to depression and identifies addictive cellular phone usage as a cause of depression. The number of reported problems associated with addictive cellular phone usage is als o positively correlated with level of depression and this means that low-level addiction that has lower number of problem identifies low-level depression. Gender, age, and residential area moderate the relationship (Yen et al., 2009). Mobile phone usage also influences people’s behavior into addictive phone use and this has effects on behavior in other scopes. According to a study by Deursen, Bolle, Hegner, and Kommers (2015), using smartphone develops into an addiction to operation of the phones. This means that an individual who has the phone and is using it is likely to evolve into habitual usage such consistency in making calls, sending messages, and using internet applications in the phone. Developed habit of phone usage, which can also define phone addiction, means little time for social interactions and other activities such as studies to define a person’s tight schedule and

Business Etiquette Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Etiquette - Essay Example Research evidence demonstrates that corporations are increasingly establishing joint ventures, building strategic alliances, and establishing direct investments. Successful and effective communication in an international business environment is necessary for business growth as Reynolds and Valentine (2011) have determined.( Lok & Crawford, 2004) Due to the globalisation of business it has become exceedingly important to have an exemplary cross and intercultural communication so as to gain competitive advantage. In current years, scholarly debates have been focusing on globalization of the economy and the diverse workforce that emphasises on appropriate business etiquette that leads to sustainable business relations across international business. Cook and Cook (2011) place premium manners of managers in public and professional while undertaking official duties. Other studies have highlighted that small business and upcoming entrepreneurs have started to invest heavily and competing in the international market. Recent developments show that many businesses are cultivating a global focus by sourcing, producing, importing, or exporting their goods and services around the globe, which makes intercultural communication and negotiation gain substantial prominence in the international business management. Further, international bus iness etiquette (the expected rules of behaviour for intercultural communication and management) has become increasingly important because of the mobility of people. Due to the different systems in politics and economy of the world, and the different history and cultural tradition. Sebenius (2002) points out that cultural difference can influence business negotiations in significant and unexpected ways. Negotiation is an important part of developing business in any market. (Xiaohua et al., 2003). The increasing globalization in the world and the increased mobility of people settling in foreign

Modules Speeches Essay Example for Free

Modules Speeches Essay Speeches are consciously designed to present particular ideas or values which seep into the audience’s consciousness and stay there’. Discuss the viewpoint in relation to the speakers’ exploration of humanitarian issues. The power of a dynamic and memorable speech lies both in the messages conveyed as well as the craftsmanship, which is consciously designed to present particular ideas and values. When the two combine to create a speech of power and resonance, as well as achieving textual integrity, the impacts are long felt within the audience’s consciousness, and are able to transcend time, echoing context and values. Former Australian Prime Minister Paul Keating’s speech, ‘Funeral Service for an Unknown Australian Soldier’, Margaret Atwood’s ‘Spotty Handed Villainesses’ and Faith Bandler’s ‘Faith, Hope and Reconciliation’ each present particular ideas and values through their exploration of humanitarian issues. Consequently, these values and ideas each seep into the audience’s consciousness and develop a successful and memorable speech. Paul Keating’s transcendental eulogy addressed to the nation on the occasion of the historical 75th anniversary of Armistice Day in 1993 still echoes the notion of an Unknown Soldier today. Keating’s use of rhythmic flow and the powerful repetition of the recurring motif â€Å"we do not know† throughout the simple, yet effective speech, makes this a speech not to be forgotten. Harsh images of leather, metal and battlefield carnage are created through the repetition of ‘military’, which juxtapose universal feelings of joy and grief, with the sadness and regret that no one will ever truly know the identity of the Unknown Soldier. Through the anonymity of the Unknown Soldier, Keating identifies all soldiers and civilians lost during or because of the war. The use of objective, factual war statistics impresses upon the audience the monumental loss that this Unknown Soldier represented: â€Å"One of the 45,000 Australians who died on the Western Front†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Contrastingly, emotional and subjective lexicon is used throughout Keating’s eulogy, as the audience is unified by the employment of inclusive pronouns such as â€Å"all of us†, â€Å"our† and â€Å"we†, emphasizing the idea that the audience is a part of the nation. Battlefield carnage is depicted through the use of the rhetoric â€Å"the great war was a mad, brutal, awful struggle†, as well as incremental adjectives emphasizing the context and tone of the speech. Keating adapts a blend of both informal and formal terminology in order to sustain a broad audience and create a culturally inclusive atmosphere, which additionally increases the transcendental resonance throughout a larger audience, as made evident within the line â€Å"He is all of them. And he is one of us. † Through the inclusive statement â€Å"there is faith enough for all of us†, links are drawn between the â€Å"men and women†, as well as the understanding of the past to those of both a modern and future audience, and the unification of modern Australians to the concept of war, sacrifice and serving of one’s country in which the Unknown Soldier impresses. Through the sincerity portrayed within the ideas and values, and the use of statistics and rhetoric devices, Keating creates an everlasting, patriotic impression as well as his exploration of humanitarian issues and Australian mate ship throughout the speech ‘Funeral Service for an Unknown Australian Soldier’, which contributes to the resonance held within the audience’s consciousness. Drawing connections from ‘Funeral Service for an Unknown Australian Soldier’, Faith Bandler shares Keating’s emotional sincerity, as evident within her speech â€Å"Faith, Hope and Reconciliation†, addressed to a broad audience at the Talkin’ Up Reconciliation Convention within 1999. The speech centres upon the persisting flaws that prevent the Aboriginal people and white Australian nation from reconciling, and ultimately focuses on advancing towards the reconciliation of Aboriginal and white Australians. Aboriginal activist Faith Bandler engages her audience through a variety of techniques, such as her use of inclusive and personal pronouns, such as â€Å"I†, â€Å"we†, and â€Å"us†, made evident throughout the speech. She focuses fundamentally upon the values and ideas of â€Å"Faith, Hope and Reconciliation† throughout the speech, starting with her title, which draws allusions to both a pun played upon her name and to the biblical religious connotation of â€Å"faith, hope and charity†. Through this allusion, Bandler emphasizes the importance of reconciliation, as well as uniting the audience under a religious context. Bandler effectively creates longevity within her speech by drawing upon her own personal experiences, as shown in the line â€Å"My learning was rather hard and slow†, and calls for reconciliation through first person, as well as effectively establishing inclusivity and making her plea distinctively powerful. Through the use of emotive language such as â€Å"ugliness† and â€Å"terrible indignities†, and repetition throughout the speech, Bandler further reinforces her own personal connection to the speech, as evident within the line â€Å"a little sadness†¦terrible utterances†¦terrible tragedy† alluding to her own reconciliation experiences, which further creates resonance within her audience. Bandler reinforces the hardships faced by the Aboriginal Australians during the White settlement through the metaphor â€Å"those ramparts of the rugged past†, as well as the accumulation and the use of verbs throughout the speech. Through the use of a multitude of techniques, Faith Bandler’s effectively simple speech transcends time and civilization barriers by creating resonance within her audience through her powerful plea of reconciliation and her will to change Australia. Canadian novelist Margaret Atwood’s â€Å"Spotty Handed Villainesses† is a speech drenched in the language, ideas and values of the intelligentsia. Addressed in 1994, the speech is rich with high order language, and comprises a multitude of literary allusions as well as philosophical and feminist concepts, in order to appeal to her audience of academic women. Atwood’s speech focuses fundamentally on the core thematic concern based on the principle that writers and readers must not be constrained by the limitations imposed by the ideology of women in narrative form as mothers and nurturers. Emphasizing this, Atwood strays from the ideal female figure within literature and alludes to the murderesses displayed, particularly the complex Lady Macbeth, to whom the title refers. The opening of the speech skillfully engages the audience through Atwood’s humorous use of children’s nursery rhyme, which supports the ideas and purposes presented within the speech, as well as disarming and amusing the audience. Not all women are good. Atwood further creates satirical intrigue through a reference to her title, alluding to the idea that the speech may â€Å"refer to age spots†, or â€Å"that once-forbidden but now red-hot topic, The Menopause†. Spotty Handed Villainesses† ultimately maintains relevance throughout time through allusions to both high and lowbrow literature. Throughout the speech, Atwood challenges authors and readers to not be limited by the ideological approach of female characters. She describes restricting ideologies as ‘intolerable’ and ‘restricted’, her speech at this point both intellectual and colloquial, carefully constructing a resonance within the audience’s consciousness. Through the craftsmanship and design of a speech, as well as the exploration of humanitarian issues, particular ideas and values are presented which seep into the audience’s consciousness and stay there, as displayed through the study of Paul Keating’s speech â€Å"Funeral Service for an Unknown Australian Soldier†, Margaret Atwood’s â€Å"Spotty Handed Villainesses† and Faith Bandler’s â€Å"Faith, Hope and Reconciliation†.

The Suez Canal :: History Historical Essays

The Suez Canal Count Ferdinand de Lesseps, a Frenchman had long dreamed of a canal that pierced the Isthmus. For most of his life, this was simply a dream. He had made a living for himself by holding political positions in Tunis, Egypt, Rotterdam, Malaga, and Barcelona; had been minister at Madrid, and, finally, at Rome. Something about Egypt had struck him in a way that never truly let go. After roughly twenty five years of service, the French government notified Lesseps that what he was doing in Rome was not being supported. Lesseps managed to quell the problem in 1849, but the experience had left a distasteful mark on him that he couldn’t resolve. This led to his resignation from the service, and into retirement at the age of fifty. Now with the end of his career, he was free in a way that he hadn’t been in a long time. His thoughts again and more frequently drifted to Egypt. What once a dream, was now a possibility. Using connections he had made in Egypt during his time in the service, he made contact with them and immediately following their positive response embarked on a trip to investigate his ever more possible dream. The construction of this project faced formidable opposition. Lesseps appealed to Napoleon for help. Napoleon agreed, and helped put the wheels of this project in motion. It was not until 1869 that the canal was finally opened its one hundred mile stretch completely. It was again modified in 1885 substantially to further increased efficiency. The idea behind the Suez Canal was not invented for the first time in the 19th century. It actually dates back to Ancient Egypt and the Pharos. The Pharos went as Far as building smaller canals in the Nile delta in the Red sea. The first Canal to be excavated is linked strongly by evidence to the Pharaoh Necho in the 6th century BC. During the Persian invasion of Egypt, King Darius gave instructions for a canal to be built which started in the Gulf of Suez and ran to the Bitter Lake. The second part of the canal ran from the Bitter Lake to the Nile delta. This canal was known as the Red Sea Canal. This canal fell into disrepair, but was rectified by the Roman Emperor Trajan, and yet again by the Arab king Amr Ibn-Al-Aas.

Al Capone Biography :: Biography

â€Å"By Instinct Capone Was A Heartless Mindless Killer†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Considered the most notorious gangster in history, Alphonse Capone, otherwise known as Scarface Al, was born in New York, 1899, in a small apartment in the Williamsburg section of Brooklyn. Having many run-ins with the police growing up, he was always around the local street gang led my Johnny Torrio. After beating one of his sixth grade teachers, he quit school, and quickly learned the way of the streets, joining the Torrio gang, call the James Street Gang. James Street also included Lucky Luciano, one of Capone’s best friends, who would later also become a notorious gangster (Internet 1, 1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As he grew older, Capone was hired by the gang leader, Torrio, to be a bouncer at a bar in Brooklyn, taking his first step up the â€Å"gang ladder†. One night, Capone’s cheek was slashed during a fight at the bar over a girl. It was from then on he was known as Scarface. Later in his life, when asked by reporters where he got this scare, he often lied of serving in the â€Å"Lost Battalion† in WWI, even though he never served in the military (Internet 1, 1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Soon Enough, Capone was in trouble in again. He had killed a man in an argument and was on the run. After calling his old friend Torrio, he was invited to come to Chicago   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Barfoot 2 and make a fresh start. At the time, Torrio was working for his uncle, the current leader of the Chicago underground, Big Jim Colosimo. With the prohibition came possibilities for large alcohol based profits. Torrio knew that Big Jim could make extremely large amounts of money, but Colosimo could not be persuaded to try his hand. So, in 1920, Torrio had Capone plan and carry out the murder of Big Jim, making Torrio the new boss of Chicago, with Capone as his right hand man, and manager of bootlegging alcohol (Internet 3, 1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As they started their completer takeover of Chicago, few mobs would put up any resistance. One that did was the Irish North Side gang. Capone soon called in Frankie Yale, one of his old gang mates from Brooklyn, and the same man that had done the Colosimo assassination, to murder Dion O’Banion, the head of the North side gang. His death did little to persuade the gang to back down, and they continued to fight on and off for a few years.

Topic Paper

Since most managers' lack specialized knowledge, like the latest laws and rules, it is very risky to not have HER professionals. According to the authors of all three of the articles, HER should be adding value and causing a good business flow by being a business partner to an organization. HER professionals should be pin-pointing critical points of the business where the strategy succeeds or fails, and providing relevant talent solutions. HER should be a business partner to a company and not Just a department. According to Hammond, there are four reasons why HER is â€Å"uniquely unsuited† to do what it should be doing.First, HER doesn't tend to hire a lot of independent thinkers interested in business or people who stand up as moral compasses. Second, HER has a tendency to measure amount of input, but not output. For example, they know the amount of training that each employee has but do not know how that training has positively influenced the business decisions of that empl oyee. Third, HER forfeits long-term value for short-term cost efficiency. Lastly, HER does not have its ear to top management. According to Muddy, HER can be more impacting within organizations by simply asking ‘does it cause friction in the business r does it create flow?Hammond believes that the HER function of companies like Yahoo, Hunter Douglas, and Cardinal Health are bringing HER into the realm of business strategy. These companies are truly making HER a business partner. Hammond believes that these companies are doing it right by trusting and listening to HER in order to properly assess what the company needs and then finding the talent to fill that hole. The companies have also done right by properly identifying HER as an important part of their company. From these three articles I can draw that HER s a department with a lot of problems.Some companies have not used HER to its full potential. HER sometimes is valued so little that even the people hired into this functi on of the company can't execute the plans that are put into place. HER is under- used and under-appreciated in most of today's companies. In my opinion the role of HER is to keep employees happy, and to hire and train employees that will be beneficial to their team. Also, in my opinion the importance of HER is very high because without a strong HER department your employees will end up being unhappy or misused.

Muted Group Theory

Pant set us this assignment she told us that we could choose any topic at all that she has touched upon in class and we have to note our response to it. It does not need to be a theory only. I read the theories and had Initially thought that I would Like to comment on how men are forced to conform to certain stereotypes and at times have to bottle up their emotions to ensure they are accepted by the people around them. However, 2 days before the submission date, I was casually browsing the internet when I came across the below advertisement.It aught my attention, forcing me research and reflect on it thus completely changing my topic. The ad for a Jewelry brand shows high carat diamonds and other precious stones which along with the kind of clothes that the models are wearing and the usage of English language shows that it is aimed at affluent and educated families. The ad shows the woman echoing the thought that ‘l did not choose my husband but I can choose my Jewelry. This to me dispels the notion that some of us have, which Is that only certain rural and attacked' classes actually have limitations put on their redeem of choice.That educated people In urban areas have the luxury of being able to make the decision of the magnitude of choosing one's life partner. Yes, It Is a luxury. No, even many of the financially rich cannot afford it at times. In my experience this luxury has little to do with finances. In fact most of the financially well-off families that I know or have heard off, have more restrictions than those that belong to middle class ‘service' families.Most of my friends that come from high income ‘business' families have been conditioned to do whatever they want in life, hey have the best of facilities and freedom to do whatever they want, Except choose a life partner belonging to a significantly different economic background than themselves. For some of them even the person Is chosen by the parents, not on the merits of the per son, rather on his/her formally business and finances. The concept of using marriage for forming stronger business or political alliances Is not new.The marriage between McHugh emperor Kafka with the Ragout princess Soda was a marriage of alliance. My wife and I have picked out the perfect spouse for my son. They have developed a wonderful relationship together over the years, with great chemistry and warmth. She comes from a family that has identical values and priorities to ours and would make wonderful in-laws. They are both 9 years old. I (Bussing, 2011) Jeff Bussing was uses this real life incident that he came across to further talk about arranged marriages in business and specifically in entrepreneurship.Movies like Kabuki Sushi Kabul Sham (2001), Arthur (1981 and 2011), Dialed Outlandish El Cayenne (1995) etc. Have highlighted this practice over the years. Kabuki Slush Kabuki Sham showed a very wealthy family's patriarch who was educated, well mannered, generous and a loving family man, but when the decision of his son's marriage comes up his sentiments are that his son does not need to be Involved In the decision of his marriage. When his wife tries to suggest that the son should be consulted in this She is finally silenced with a ‘Eke day an†¦ Bas eke day' which translates to ‘Vie said so†¦That's it'. No further discussion required. Arthur, the drunk heir to his family's fortunes has every conceivable luxury available, as long as he agrees to marry a wealthy heiress of his family's choosing. He falls in love with a ‘common working class girl' which is unacceptable to his grandmother. She threatens to disown him from the family fortune if he does not marry the wealthy heiress she chose. Dialed Outlandish El Cayenne has the family patriarch who had fixed his daughters marriage to his friend's son in the infancy of both the children itself.The family since moved to a different continent and the children have grown up in envir onments that are poles apart with no contact with each other. But when the girl finishes her higher education she is expected to accept marrying the man without even meeting him first. This is not to say the parents don't care about their children, they care deeply. They Just assume that they know better than their children. Here the parents hold the power and act out the role of the Dominant group as per the Muted Group theory and the children form the Muted group.The Muted Group Theory (MGM) was put forward by anthropologists Shirley and Edwin Arden and was further elaborated by Cherish Kramer and others like Robe, Herring, Radii Copra etc. The dominant group does not intentionally silence the muted group; they may not even realist they are doing so till it is explicitly pointed out to them. Most Muted groups tend to try to speak, but their words fall on deaf ears. When this happens continually over a period of time, they ‘lose their voice'. Losing their voice means not Just the ability to spell out opinions.It goes deeper; they accept things as they are and to them will always be and stop thinking about it altogether. The Just quietly do what they are told to do. Another interpretation of the Muted Group Theory was put forward by Emily Hartley in her research paper titled ‘Muted Group Theory Application in the Indiana Wesleyan University Theatre Program'. (Hartley, 2012) She applied the MGM to her the universities theatre program and found that the theatre students were being ‘muted' by the conservative institute which had strict rules about censorship.Since most plays contained some or the other ‘bad' language they were not allowed to stage those productions. There were also several other factors that were contributing to the silencing process such as the Theatre advisory board, the faculty, the administrative and financial policies. All of this was curtailing the artistic expression of the students which can demoralize and limit in tellectual growth. This is not to say that things cannot be changed. There are many ways to unmet a muted group. Some strategies that have been found to be effective are: 1.Calling out and attaching nomenclature to the methods used for silencing the muted groups. Making the dominant groups realizes that they are silencing the others. 2. Celebrating the things that others use to suppress the muted groups with. Egg: LIGHT community taking pride in their sexuality and holding parades. 3. Creating a new language that is more suitable to the muted group capable of reflecting the opinions they want to express. Egg: movies, painting, an actual language, computer mediated communication etc.

Bridger Teton

Bridger Teton National Forest 12/03/2010 Conservation is the use and exploitation of the land in a sustainable way, or one might say to manage. Preservation is the protection of the land that limits use, in order to maintain a pristine condition or to protect. After my research, I do believe that humans can actually harvest forest resources in an environmentally friendly way. Does that mean we should? In my opinion, I think that each situation is different, based on the use of the land and what the condition of the land is that is trying to be used.In the case of the Bridger Teton National forest, I do feel that it should be left in its natural state. For so many years this land has been untouched, untamed and undiscovered. To take land of this nature for drilling, building roads and pipelines are not worth it. To the people of Wyoming it is more valuable than what you can get out of it from oil and gas. New technology should allow other ways to give us freedom for foreign oil. I rea lly thought it was odd that the politicians were already calling â€Å"Management Area 71† which does not scream environmentally friendly.In my research I did come across a reading that stated conservation was good in some instances to keep wild life under control and allowed for controlled hunting. I’m not sure if I can consider that environmentally friendly. Humans are changing the environment by fragmenting landscapes, and by removing species from their habitats. Preservation should remain for the Bridger Teton National Forest, and should only be preserved if and only if it is not maintaining a pristine condition on it’s own.

Wildlife Photography for the Amateur Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Wildlife Photography for the Amateur - Essay Example This passion must have also been through vast experiences with nature, though trekking, mountain climbing, biological studies, or even habitual adventurism. Subject matter refers to the focus, the topic, or the object and image of the photographer's interest. In wildlife photography, subject matter refers to any living, non-living or moving object in the wildlife, but mostly, the animals. The subject matter like any topic of conversation can be tackled in various ways. For time specified, the subject matter may be shoot during night, at dawn, at noon, break of dawn, dusk, day time, all the time except when there is disruption of the natural existence of the subject and its environment, or there is much more danger than can be handled. For themes, subject matter may be viewed and shot when resting, sleeping, eating, basking in the sun, attacking a prey, gathering food, walking, or any interesting act the subject may be doing which the photographer may find novelty, or interest. Wildlife photography... The Elias and Katmai National Parks of Alaska (Donahue, 2003) provide for the best locations of sighting, and shooting Grizzly or brown bears. Both parks provide a wide range of landscapes that include wild Brooks River, snowy vastness, forest, hilly or mountainous as well as rocky terrain. The bears, either solo, in group, in family, and in action provide the perfect subjects as they eat berries, patiently wait for the catch, chase gulls, fish for salmon by the falls, climb hills or mountains, or tackle the cold, wild water. Sufficient knowledge about the terrain, as well as about bears must be born in mind by the amateur photographer prior to traveling and taking photos of this subject. It pays to be with a professional guide or another professional photographer to embark on a doubly dangerous a mission as taking photos of bears in Alaska. Frost-bite, the rugged terrain, as well as the possibility of being attacked by the subject must be of foremost consideration. With proper distance and the equipment support which necessitates long-range telephoto lenses, take the subject in their best forms or actions. The bears of Alaska provide for revealing photos of "family" among the beasts, diversity of their sustenance, as well as the skills and patience they exhibit in catching their fish meals. Bears are also surprising subjects as they already have learned how to dive in order to catch food --- the salmon. At times, they may also exhibit emotive acts as caring and playing with their cubs, as well as guiding them towards independence. B Lions or Cheetahs in Africa The Sub-Saharan Africa, the Kruger National Park, Tanzania, and the Shamwari Game Reserve of South Africa provide for a wide choice of subjects that include rhinoceros, zebras, giraffes,

Shinto Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Shinto Reflection - Essay Example Shinto Shrine is one of the most common sacred spaces among religious groups. It is a sacred space designed for worship purpose of the Shinto groups of Japan. Shinto is an indigenous religious group professed by the people of Japan and it involves action-based religious beliefs and practices (Breen and Teeuwen 2000). Ritual practices are practiced by this religious group diligently to connect between modern Japan and the ancient Japan. It is a traditional religion of Japan as opposed to modern Christianity, Islam and Buddhism. Shinto involves the worship of Kami, which refers to divinity, spirits or sacred essence. These sacred essences and divinities include animals, rivers, trees, rocks and places. Shinto people believe that people and Kami are inseparable (Hardacre 1986). Therefore, Shinto use the Shinto shrines to meet and worship the Kami as a way of demonstrating their sacred life and beliefs. The design of Shinto Shrines also shows the architectural style of Japanese history, which reveals values, beliefs and practices of the Shinto. At the front there is a Japanese gate consisting of two upright bars and two crossbars that show the separation between common space and sacred space (Hardacre 1986). These gates are known as torii, and they exist in twenty styles that match the buildings and the enshrined Kami and lineage. Therefore, the Shinto shrine reflects the sacred worship of Kami by the Shinto from the gate. The Shinto shrine also reflects the beliefs of the Shinto people who worship there through various symbolic and real barriers between the normal world and the shrine space.

Countrterrorism Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Countrterrorism - Article Example the country who enjoys the same provisions of the Law. 2. An American citizen captured in the United States of America while in the act of terrorist violence is guaranteed by the United States Constitution the right to habeas corpus, Article 1, section 9, clause 2. Additionally, the suspect is provided protection by certain provisions of the Bill of Rights. Like, the 4th amendment which states "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall be issued, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized; 5th amendment, No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger, nor shall any person be subject for the same offence t o be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb, nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation; 6th amendment, In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining Witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of counsel for his defense; and 8th amendment, Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted" (Emerson & Haber, 1952). 3. Just war may be grounded along the concept that the history of the Americans in the achievement of freedom has been long and tremendous, that even the powers of the government have been frameworked in a purposeful endeavor intended to safeguard individual rights. So, the war on terror can be properly characterized as just war if it is conducted within the realms of the United States constitution. This is because the United States constitution contains the series of laws that will guide law enforcement, and provides protection for the rights of everyone (Emerson & Haber, 1952). 4. Apparently, anti-Americanism is not really a problem in the homeland. Political expressions of individuals or groups, and nations will however continue (Celmer, 1987) which may sometimes be misconstrued as inciting to violence. Nonetheless, perpetrators of hostilities which go beyond the limits of individual and national rights

Morality based on consequences (like utilitarianism) or morality based Essay

Morality based on consequences (like utilitarianism) or morality based on duties - Essay Example On the other hand, the Morality based on consequences (like utilitarianism ethics), provides that the consequence of an action that an individual has taken outweighs whatever intentions such an individual had when taking the action (Vaughn, 2012). Therefore, the Morality based on consequences, for example utilitarianism ethical theory, provides that an action is defined as either morally right or wrong, depending on whether the action produces favorable or unfavorable outcomes (Vaughn, 2012). In this respect, the utilitarianism theory of ethics provide that the outcome of an action should not be undermined, and thus individuals should first measure the possible consequences of an action before taking it. This way, the individuals will only take the action that has favorable outcomes for them and for everyone (Vaughn, 2012). Therefore, given an opportunity to choose between the morality based on consequences (like utilitarianism) and morality based on duties, separated from consequences (like Kants ethics), morality based on consequences (like utilitarianism) will be preferred. The choice of the utilitarianism ethical theory over the Kantian ethics is informed by the fact that; the utilitarianism ethical theory recognizes that any action may have either good or bad consequences; or both good and bad consequences at the same time (Vaughn, 2012). In recognition of this fact, the utilitarianism ethical theory provides that individuals should first weigh the possible consequences of their actions, such that they can determine the favorable and the unfavorable consequences. Further, the utilitarianism ethical theory provides that on the event that an action produces both good and bad consequences; the individual should weigh which one of the two weighs out heavily, and then act upon the action that will have an overall weighty favorable

Reflection on the book 'The White Castle' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection on the book 'The White Castle' - Essay Example Like in the story Hoja, a Muslim, made the western slave tell him about their life styles and he preferred these western styles over theirs. Pamuk portrays religion with great care in the book and shows how the two different thoughts of West and East can merge together. The Ottoman society follows the old traditions according to their religion and thus do not take any sanitary precautions when a plague hits Istanbul, however the Italian slave advises the Sultan to use such measures for the end of plague and the Sultan does eventually follow the Western way of removing the plague which proves to be successful. Pamuk in his story White Castle tells about the realities of life in the 17th century. It describes different events taking place in the Ottoman Empire. Cruelty is prevalent through out the plot of the story and can be clearly viewed in the characters. The Italian Scholar seems to be laid into a trap by the Eastern world but is saved by his own intellect. Similarly Pamuk is portraying the Eastern world with great uncertainty and cruelness. The pirates who capture the Italian scholar are cruel in nature and are supposedly going to kill the scholar. However the scholar’s intellect helps him to misguide the pirates into thinking that he is a doctor and this saves his life. But on the other hand the pirates do not free the scholar; they rather gift him as a slave to Hoja. The character of Hoja can also be viewed to be cruel as he absorbs all the information from the Italian scholar about his lifestyle and even then does not let him free. The cruel nature of Hoja can yet again be seen in his aim of designing a deadly weapon which would help his empire to conquer other states. And furthermore, when the weapon does not work as expected by him he steals the identity of the Italian scholar and runs away leaving him in the Ottoman

Effects of Methamphetamine on the Human Body What Cases Have Been Seen to Prove this and How It Leads To Addiction Essay Example for Free

Effects of Methamphetamine on the Human Body What Cases Have Been Seen to Prove this and How It Leads To Addiction Essay Effects of Methamphetamine on the Human Body What Cases Have Been Seen to Prove this and How It Leads To Addiction Introduction Part A                   What effects does the over dependency to methamphetamine cause to the human body.                   Are there any cases that have been reported to prove this and if yes which ones are they? Methamphetamine is a powerful, highly addictive stimulant that is a bitter tasting white crystalline powder devoid of smell. In street language it is popularly known                   as ice, chalk, crystal or meth with high solubility in water and alcohol making it an easy target for packaging into various forms. Methamphetamine affects the central nervous system and once it is in the body system, it creates a short but intense rush and users start experiencing a sense of increased activity, decreased appetite, and strong feelings of well being, high energy levels and sense of more power with the feeling lasting from a period of 20 minutes to 12 hours. When the effects start to where off, the user is left with a feeling of drained helplessness and depression this effects leads to the user having a high craving for the drug to maintain the state of euphoria. This craving for a sense of well being, hyper activity sense of power is what leads to addiction. Addiction to methamphetamine has to a large extent been classified as a moral issue by the public while to medical practitioners it has also gained weight as a medical issue.                   Methamphetamine causes development of side effects which are increased activity, euphoria and decreased appetite with methamphetamine being more potent because it passes through the blood brain barrier and enters the brain cells. The effects are more long lasting making it more dangerous on the central nervous system. It has been reported to have effects lasting as long as eight hours. This inquiry will focus mostly on the scientific research that has been carried out on methamphetamine addiction, its side effects and how it causes them and any remedies. Part B                   By the end of this learning process, the following objectives should be met. Reasons that lead to use of methamphetamine should be clearly understood. The various side effects should be well outlined and possible causes explained. Mechanisms involved and leading to methamphetamine addiction should be comprehended.                   Medically methamphetamine was developed for the treatment of nasal blockages and clearance of bronchioles in the lungs. Lately it has been used in low dosages for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and also in weight loss programmes but in a controlled manner and prescriptions is usually not refilled.                   Effects of methamphetamine vary and they mostly depend on the dosage type. For small doses, the drug causes strong and quick addiction, lack of sleep, increased blood pressure, pulses and respiration with decreased reaction times. This effects leads to a desire for more and in large doses, it causes convulsions, overheating of the body, and in more severe cases stroke and even heart attacks. The side effects are grouped into the following major categories (Methamphetamine in Jefferson County, 2008 p 3). Physical effects                   The most noticeable are muscle weakness, tremors and seizures dental decay, weight loss, anorexia, coughing, dry mouth , facial aging, brain damage kidney, heart and liver damage, skin sores and infection and also increased risk of stroke. Cognitive effects:                   This effects lead to decreased ability to recognize and recall words and pictures, make inferences manipulate information, learn from experience and users have the tendency to ignore irrelevant information Psychological effects:                   These effects are classified into two depending on the duration for short term effects; users experience increased sense of euphoria, high confidence and increased alertness. The users become more talkative, they are not bored easily and have an increased sex drive.                   Increased confidence Increased alertness Increased good mood Increased. Long term effects include increased aggression, lack of sleep; they become over anxious and are confused most of the time. Meth users become moody and they develop psychotic behaviours characterized by false delusions, they become paranoid and become suicidal.                   When ingested by pregnant women, the methamphetamine dissolves in the blood stream and is able to pass through to the fetus. The effects on the unborn children are diverse and so serious since they affect the normal development of the child. The most common effects are premature child birth and low birth rates for long time users, low birth weight since the mother does not eat enough food due to poor appetite and in most severe cases brain damage. Nutritionally, the baby is disadvantaged since the mother does not care a lot apart from craving for the next fix. Mechanisms leading to methamphetamine addiction                   Addiction to methamphetamine is caused by the drug’s pharmacology mainly how it is ingested, absorbed in the body, broken in the body and excreted (Otero et al., 2006 p. 4). The pharmacology of the drug is quite a complex process which involves the peripheral and central nervous actions. The drug belongs to the group of drugs known as amphetamines with a structure closely related to that of epinephrine norepinephrine and dopamine (Kish, 2008 p. 2).                   Due to its structure which is close to that endogenous neurotransmitters the drug is classified as a sympathomimetic drug and as such it interacts with sympathetic receptors of the central nervous system. Specifically, methamphetamine interacts with pre-synaptic receptors and induces effects by competitive antagonisms.                   There are different modes of methamphetamine usage and they determine how long the effects take to kick in and also increase the chances and easiness of addiction. When ingested the effects may take up to twenty minutes to be effected while I snorting the effects set in much quicker as fast as five minutes. The two routes of usage are not so much addictive. Highest rates of addiction have been reported when the route of intake was intravenous injection and lung inhalation through smoking. These last two routes potentiate risk of addiction since the drug is absorbed more rapidly in the brain. Effect on the central nervous system                   The amphetamines potent central nervous system appear as a result of the release of biogenic amines from the nerve terminals. This enhanced release of norepinephrine results in the anorexia effect of amphetamine and together with release of dopamine it creates a feeling of euphoria. When higher levels of dopamine are released to the mesolimbic system, it results in increased levels of serotonin which is responsible for mental disturbances and the psychotic behaviours.                   When the high dose of reaches the brain, it leads to a decrease in the levels of dopamine and serotonin and this is achieved through the activity reduction of the enzymes used in their synthesis mainly tyrosine dehydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase respectively. The following table shows a list of websites that were visited for the purpose of this research Title of report Website Retrival date Medication and behavioral treatments (2004) www.psattc.org11-11-2014 Children at clandestine methamphetamine labs: Helping meth’s youngest Victims(2006) www.ojp.usdoj.gov10-11-2014 NIDA Community Drug Alert Bulletin: Methamphetamine (n.d.). www.drugabuse.gov10-11-2014 Methamphetamine – Drug Facts 2005 www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov11-11-2014 Parenting Children Who Have Been Exposed to Methamphetamine (n.d) www.orparc.org10-11-2014 The sites used for this study are from various government departments, and organizations that carry out various health and substances abuse researches. From the websites, they end with either gov. or org. meaning they are reputable websites. Hence, the information obtained from these websites is also reliable and thus they were considered for this paper. In addition, the sources have evidenced based reports where quantitative or qualitative research were used to write the reports thus making the data included in this paper very reliable and viable. Part C Data from various website sources on methamphetamine and journals published online was used to come up with this report. Table showing the various side effects for methamphetamine users Physical effects Cognitive side effects Short term psychological effects Long term psychological effects Weight loss Failure to recall pictures Increased good mood Mood disorders Kidney and heart damage Failure to learn from experience Increased alertness Lack of sleep and increased anxiousness Increased risk of stroke Decreased ability to make inferences Increased talkativeness Confusion and aggression Skin sores and infections Decreased ability to manipulate information Increased confidence Increases psychotic behaviour Tooth decay Increased sex drive Hallucinations and increased suicidal tendencies Increased transmission of HIV due to sharing injecting needles Table showing usage of methamphetamine in terms of age (a 2003 survey on methamphetamine users among college going children and non-college attending children obtained from NSDH, 2005). Ages/ grades Used at least once Used in the past year Used in the last 30 days College students 5.8% 2.6% 0.6% Young adults(19-28) 8.9% 2.7% 0.7% Table showing use of methamphetamine in USA (NSDH, 2005 n.p) Used at least once Used in the past year Used in the last 30 days 12+ YEARS 4.9% 0.6% 0.2% Table showing use of methamphetamine in school going children (NSDH, 2005 n.p) Grade Used at least once) Used in the past year Used in the last 30 days 8th 2.5% 1.5% 0.6% 10th 5.3% 3.0% 1.3% 12th 6.2% 3.4% 1.4% Part D                   Comprehensive data obtained from various government and non-governmental websites, show that methamphetamine abuse cuts across all ages and social classes with the high-risk groups being people with low self-esteem, social pressure such as weight loss to gain an athletic or modeling body, depression, and those traumatised. While continued abuse leads to addiction, amount and ingestion routes are also determinants with smoking and injection contributing greatly to addiction. Though used medically for nasal and bronchial blockages, its abuse is the main concern due to the resulting side effects and the damages it causes. Journal                   Methamphetamine side effects are as a result of it passing through the brain blood barrier into the brain cells, where its main action is to decrease extracellular monoamine neurotransmitters, especially dopamine, via interfering with their reuptake and promoting their release at the nerve endings (Fleckenstein, et al., 2007 p. 687). Dependency on methamphetamine is a serious issue with major medical, psychiatric and social economic impacts in the society (Lapworth, et al., 2009 p. 383). Withdrawal from methamphetamine also results in impaired social functioning, fatigue and aggressiveness and more craving for the drug. This menace affects most people and users should not be alienated but helped to overcome the vice by taking them to rehabilitation centres.                   While it has been used medically to solve medical conditions such as nasal and bronchial blockages, it misuse is the main problem. Methamphetamine abuse cuts across all ages and social classes with the main contributing factors being low self-esteem, peer pressure, social pressure, depressions and even people suffering from traumas. The resulting side effects vary from person to person but prolonged abuse results to both physical defects such as tooth decay, weak limbs due to poor appetite, damages of organs especially the heart, kidney and liver and also psychological effects. The psychological effects are usually aggressive behaviors which endangers their lives and of those around them and psychotic behaviors which leads them in committing suicide. References Fleckenstein A., E., Volz, T., J., Riddle, E., L., Gibb, J., W., and Hanson, G., R. 2007. New insights into the mechanism of action of amphetamines. Journal of Annual Review in Pharmacology and Toxicology. 47: 681–698. Kish, S., J. 2008.Pharmacologic mechanisms of crystal Methamphetamine. Journal of Canadian Medical Association, 178 (13):1679-1682. Lapworth, K., Dawe, S., Davis, P., Kavanagh, D., Young, R., Saunders, J. 2009. Impulsivity and positive psychotic symptoms influence hostility in methamphetamine users. Journal of Addictive Behaviours ,34: 380–385 Methamphetamine in Jefferson County. 2008. Methamphetamine in Jefferson County. Understanding the Impact of Methamphetamine Abuse: Issue Paper and Recommendations NIDA Community Drug Alert Bulletin. n.d. Methamphetamine. www.drugabuse.gov. Office of National Drug Control Policy. 2005. Methamphetamine. www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov. Otero, C., Boles, S., Young, N. K., Dennis, K., 2006. Methamphetamine Addiction, Treatment, and Outcomes: Implications for Child Welfare Workers. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Center for Substance Abuse Treatment Substance abuse department. 2008. National Survey of Drug Use and Health: National Findings. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. US Department of Justice. 2004. Children at Clandestine Methamphetamine Laboratories. www.ojp.usdoj.gov. Source document